Condition-Specific Considerations
Depression and Anxiety
Depression and anxiety disorders are common during the reproductive years and
may affect prenatal engagement and postpartum recovery (for more information
see
SOGC Guideline No. 454: Identification and Treatment of Perinatal Mood and
Anxiety Disorders). Optimizing symptom control prior to conception reduces relapse risk.
Medication continuation should be considered in the context of illness
severity and recurrence history.
Clinical Approaches for Preconception Depression and Anxiety Management
|
Preconception Domain
|
Key Preconception Considerations
|
Why Timing Matters
|
Preconception Priority Action
|
Coordination / Referral
|
|
Symptom stability
|
Active symptoms increase pregnancy and postpartum risk
|
Stability at conception predicts course during pregnancy
|
Achieve symptom stabilization prior to conception
|
Primary care; mental health
|
|
Medication use
|
Antidepressants and anxiolytics vary in pregnancy safety
|
Abrupt discontinuation increases relapse risk
|
Review and optimize medication regimen preconceptionally
|
Prescribing clinician
|
|
Psychotherapy
|
Access and continuity vary
|
Engagement before pregnancy improves adherence
|
Establish or continue effective therapy prior to conception
|
Mental health services
|
|
Functional status
|
Symptoms may impair self-care and care engagement
|
Pregnancy increases psychosocial demands
|
Address functional supports preconceptionally
|
Primary care
|
|
Postpartum risk
|
High risk of recurrence postpartum
|
Early planning reduces morbidity
|
Develop postpartum mental health follow-up plan
|
Mental health services
|
|
Care continuity
|
Fragmented care increases relapse risk
|
Transitions worsen outcomes
|
Ensure documented, shared care plan
|
All providers
|
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder carries a high risk of relapse during pregnancy and
postpartum, particularly with medication discontinuation. Preconception
planning allows for medication optimization and proactive relapse prevention.
Early psychiatric collaboration is strongly recommended.
Key Preconception Actions
- Achieve sustained mood stability
- Review medication regimen with psychiatry
- Develop relapse prevention plan
- Plan sleep-protective strategies
- Establish postpartum monitoring
Clinical Pearl: Relapse risk is high with medication
discontinuation. Early psychiatric consultation improves stability.
Clinical Approaches for Preconception Bipolar Disorder Management
|
Preconception Domain
|
Key Preconception Considerations
|
Why Timing Matters
|
Preconception Priority Action
|
Coordination / Referral
|
|
Mood stability
|
Relapse risk is high with instability
|
Stability at conception predicts outcomes
|
Achieve sustained mood stability prior to conception
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Medication use
|
Some mood stabilizers are teratogenic
|
Medication transitions require time
|
Optimize pregnancy-compatible regimen before conception
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Relapse risk
|
Pregnancy and postpartum increase relapse risk
|
Early relapse has severe consequences
|
Plan relapse prevention strategies preconceptionally
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Sleep regulation
|
Sleep disruption increases relapse risk
|
Pregnancy alters sleep patterns
|
Plan sleep-protective strategies
|
Psychiatry; primary care
|
|
Postpartum risk
|
High risk of postpartum psychosis
|
Early planning improves safety
|
Develop postpartum monitoring and treatment plan
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Care coordination
|
Multidisciplinary care is often required
|
Fragmentation increases risk
|
Ensure shared care plan
|
All providers
|
Clinical Pearl: Bipolar Disorder Requires Proactive Planning.
Relapse risk is high with medication discontinuation. Early psychiatric
consultation improves stability.
Severe Mental Illness (e.g., psychotic disorders)
Psychotic disorders and other severe mental illnesses require stabilization
and coordinated multidisciplinary care prior to conception. Abrupt medication
changes increase relapse risk. Preconception care supports continuity and
safety planning.
Key Preconception Actions
- Achieve clinical stability
- Optimize medication regimen
- Assess social supports
- Develop postpartum monitoring plan
- Coordinate multidisciplinary care
Clinical Pearl: Fragmented care increases relapse risk;
coordinated care improves outcomes.
Clinical Approaches for Preconception Severe Mental Illness
(including psychotic disorders)
|
Preconception Domain
|
Key Preconception Considerations
|
Why Timing Matters
|
Preconception Priority Action
|
Coordination / Referral
|
|
Illness stability
|
Active illness increases maternal and fetal risk
|
Stability at conception predicts outcomes
|
Achieve sustained clinical stability prior to conception
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Medication use
|
Antipsychotics vary in pregnancy safety
|
Discontinuation increases relapse risk
|
Optimize medication regimen preconceptionally
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Insight and capacity
|
Decision-making capacity may fluctuate
|
Pregnancy increases the complexity of care
|
Support informed planning while stable
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Social supports
|
Psychosocial stress increases relapse risk
|
Pregnancy and postpartum strain supports
|
Identify and strengthen supports preconceptionally
|
Mental health; social services
|
|
Postpartum risk
|
Elevated risk of relapse and hospitalization
|
Early intervention improves outcomes
|
Plan intensive postpartum follow-up
|
Psychiatry
|
|
Care continuity
|
Service disruption worsens outcomes
|
Transitions increase relapse risk
|
Coordinate care across services
|
All providers
|
Practice Tip: Do Not Stop Psychotropics Abruptly. Sudden
discontinuation increases relapse risk, particularly in bipolar disorder and
severe depression. Medication transitions are safest before conception.
Trauma-Related Disorders (PTSD)
PTSD and trauma exposure are prevalent in reproductive-age populations and may
influence pregnancy outcomes and care engagement. Sensitive screening and
trauma-informed referrals are essential. Stabilization before conception
improves resilience and coping capacity.
Key Preconception Actions
- Stabilize symptoms
- Review medication regimen
- Develop trauma-informed care plan
- Plan postpartum mental health follow-up
Clinical Pearl: Planning for trauma triggers during pregnancy
and birth can improve care engagement.
Clinical Approaches for Preconception Trauma-Related Conditions and PTSD
|
Preconception Domain
|
Key Preconception Considerations
|
Why Timing Matters
|
Preconception Priority Action
|
Coordination / Referral
|
|
Symptom burden
|
Trauma symptoms may worsen during pregnancy
|
Pregnancy-related care may trigger symptoms
|
Achieve symptom stabilization prior to conception
|
Mental health services
|
|
Medication use
|
Some agents require review
|
Early exposure may occur
|
Review the medication regimen preconceptionally
|
Prescribing clinician
|
|
Care engagement
|
Trauma histories may affect healthcare use
|
Avoidance increases pregnancy risk
|
Support continuity and predictability of care
|
Primary care
|
|
Anticipatory planning
|
Pregnancy and birth may be triggering
|
Planning reduces retraumatization
|
Develop anticipatory care plan preconceptionally
|
Mental health; obstetric care
|
|
Postpartum risk
|
Increased risk of symptom exacerbation
|
Early support improves outcomes
|
Plan postpartum mental health follow-up
|
Mental health services
|
|
Care coordination
|
Cross-sector care often required
|
Fragmentation increases harm
|
Ensure shared care documentation
|
All providers
|
Equity Alert: Trauma and Structural Vulnerability Influence Care. Experiences of violence, racism, poverty, and stigma affect disclosure and
stability. Use trauma-informed, culturally safe approaches.
Eating Disorders
Eating disorders can affect fertility, nutrition, and obstetric outcomes.
Preconception assessment should include evaluation of weight cycling, purging
behaviours, and nutritional status. Early stabilization supports safer
pregnancy outcomes.
Key Preconception Actions
- Achieve medical and psychological stabilization
- Assess nutritional status
- Screen for purging or restrictive behaviours
- Coordinate mental health and dietitian care
Clinical Pearl: Early stabilization improves pregnancy
outcomes.
Clinical Approaches for Preconception Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating
|
Preconception Domain
|
Key Preconception Considerations
|
Why Timing Matters
|
Preconception Priority Action
|
Coordination / Referral
|
|
Medical stability
|
Active illness increases pregnancy risk
|
Nutritional deficits affect early development
|
Achieve medical stability prior to conception
|
Mental health; primary care
|
|
Nutritional status
|
Deficiencies are common
|
Early fetal development is nutrition-dependent
|
Assess and correct deficiencies preconceptionally
|
Dietitian
|
|
Psychological stability
|
Pregnancy may exacerbate symptoms
|
Symptom escalation increases morbidity
|
Stabilize symptoms before pregnancy
|
Mental health services
|
|
Medication use
|
Psychotropics may require review
|
Changes take time
|
Review medications preconceptionally
|
Prescribing clinician
|
|
Postpartum risk
|
High relapse risk postpartum
|
Early planning improves outcomes
|
Plan postpartum monitoring
|
Mental health services
|
|
Care coordination
|
Multidisciplinary care required
|
Fragmentation worsens outcomes
|
Establish a coordinated care plan
|
All providers
|
Substance Use Disorders (Integrated Care)
Substance use disorders frequently co-occur with mental health conditions,
chronic disease, trauma exposure, and social vulnerability. Fragmented care
increases the risk of relapse, destabilization, and adverse pregnancy
outcomes. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach incorporating primary
care, addiction medicine, mental health services, and social supports improves
stabilization before conception and supports continuity across pregnancy and
postpartum. Preconception care offers a critical window to coordinate
treatment, align pregnancy timing with stability, and reduce intergenerational
risk.
Integrate:
- Harm reduction
- Medication-assisted treatment when indicated
- Psychiatric stabilization
- Contraception until stabilization if desired
Fragmented care increases risk.